Over many years, investigators have hoped to identify leadership traits. But can we determine which job candidates are “natural born” leaders? Can we train employees so that they develop the required personality characteristics to become effective leaders? We look for leadership in candidates for high office. When things go well or poorly we credit or blame the leader. Leadership is required for major changes and new directions, and without leadership government easily stagnates. When people in positions of authority encourage subordinates to believe that their work is important – not merely a fair exchange of pay for work – motivation, commitment, and performance surpass routine expectations. They raise the level of awareness and encourage people to look beyond their self-interest.īoth forms of leadership are important. These leaders have the ability to reach the souls of others to raise human consciousness. If transactional leaders expect diligence, transformational leaders foster devotion. They encourage subordinates to go well beyond their original commitments and expectations. Transformational leaders change the relationship of the subordinate and the organization. Transformational leadership is more dramatic. They encourage better than average performance from their subordinates. They also help subordinates understand and satisfy their own needs and desires.
They give their subordinates the direction, support, and confidence to fulfill their role expectations. They guide subordinates in recognizing and clarifying roles and tasks. Transactional leaders exchange rewards for services. Leadership is the direction and guiding of other participants in the organization. Read the text for general information to complete the following statements:Ģ) A distinction is made between transactional leaders and … Can you explain this phenomenon?Ĥ) Can we train employees so that they develop the required personality characteristics to become effective leaders?ĥ) Do psychological traits explain why some managers are better leaders than others?Įx. Give your own definitions of 'leadership' and 'leader-member relations'.ġ) What is leadership? Why is it important?Ģ) What personality characteristics are required to become a leader?ģ) There are brilliant thinkers and talkers who are not very intelligent and those who are not blessed with verbal facility but are obvious leaders. Role expectations leadership traits leader-member relations "natural born" leaders to guarantee impact to raise human consciousness, to clarify roles and tasks brilliant thinkers verbal facility to achieve one's potential, transactional leaders, transformational leaders.Įx. Guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations: Name some words and phrases you know related to the problem under discussion.Įx. Look at the heading of the text and predict the contents of it.Įx. Make up situations using the following words and word combinations: АĮx. G) to think or say that somebody is responsible for something bad 3 Match the words to their definitions: 1) stagnateĪ) someone who works hard and carefully, and tries to do everything that he is expected to do ī) something remarkable that has been done or achieved į) to become inactive or unchanging, used showing disapproval (adaptable)ġ0) Politicians will in the end always be … by changes in public opinion. (acceptable)ĩ) He cannot … himself to being free. (stagnate)Ĩ) The majority do not … that there has been any discrimination. (persistence)ħ) Industrial … inevitably leads to the loss of jobs. (diligence)Ħ) I think you have to be … if people say no to you. (impoverishment)ĥ) I have no doubt that … research will produce results.
(encourage)ģ) They were … by a prolonged spell of unemployment. (confidence)Ģ) There are … signs that people’s attitudes are changing. Complete each sentence using a word derivationally related to the word given in brackets:ġ) This bank reference is marked “Private and … “.